Clinical Papers
Diastasis of recti abdominis muscle (DRAM) is a common condition occurring postpartum and thought to be a cause for back pain and pelvic instability. Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) had been used in abdominal muscle rehabilitation in combination with exercises in...
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The growing demand for non-surgical, non-invasive procedures for fat and circumference reduction and for cellulite treatments has led to the development of various energy-based technologies. Bi-polar radiofrequency (RF) technology combined with additional technologies, such as vacuum, massage or infrared (IR)...
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For many years, medical practitioners have thought that cells die in one of only two ways: Either necrotic cells die violently when their outer membrane ruptures, or cells undergo programmed silent cell death through a mechanism called apoptosis. In 2001...
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This chapter outlines the basic science and specific principles of operation for radiofrequency (RF) technologies with a focus on minimally-invasive applications enhancing liposuction procedure. Before discussing the parameters, settings and techniques for radiofrequency-assisted lipolysis (RFAL) and fractional RF subdermal treatment,...
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The use of radiofrequency in aesthetics has increased in popularity since the early 2000s. To date, there have been limited studies investigating the effect of thermal energy secondary to radiofrequency treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate perfusion...
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